日記「芦」

生きることは、芸術でありません。(太宰治著「風の便り」より) 語法文法研究。動詞 2011/5/13(Fri.)

動詞について。

S V O1 O2.
という形になるVは「与える」「奪う、省く」など。
「与える」…give, tell, show..
	He gave us some advice.
	It do us good/harm/damage.…「それは我々の為に/害になる。」

「奪う、省く」…cost, take..
	He denied me anything to eat.

Driving carelessly almost cost him his life. //cost…「犠牲にする」
Using credit card saves me the trouble of getting cash at the bank.
Too much exercise does you more harm than good. //harmは名詞
He owes his success to his ability to listen patiently to other people.
/*
	owe O1 O2 = owe O2 to O1
		…「O1にO2の借りがある」「O1はO2のおかげだ」
		いつも思うんだけど、こういう動詞の文の主語って
		あんまり意味ないよね。
*/

S tell O that S'V'.
S suggest to O that S'V'.
S explain to 人 物.

The New Year's card provides us with the opportunity to hear from friends.
// provide 人 with 物
// provide 物 for 人

What you have just said reminds me of a strange experience.
// remind 人 of B = remind 人 that～ …思い出させる
// inform 人 of B = inform 人 that～ …知らせる

Lack of money prevent them from carrying out the plan.
抑止の"from -ing"と呼ばれる
	keep A from -ing
	prohibit A from -ing
	discourage A from -ing …思いとどまらせる

Astonishment almost deprived the girl of her speech.
分離の"of"とか
	deprive A of B …AからBを奪う
	rob A of B
	clear A of B
	be independent of -
	let go of - …手を離す

S suggest/insist/propose/demand/request/recommend (that) S' (should) V(原型).
何々すべきである(that)、と主張、命令する。
shouldの後に原型の動詞持ってくるのはいいんだけど、shouldを省略してもいい。
でも確か参考書を見ると「shouldの省略」という書き方はしてなかったと思う。

	I propose that the plan be canceled.
	She'll demand you pay the money back.
	He suggested to us that she be invited to the next meeting.

動名詞について。
He was looking forward to spending the weekend playing with - .

"in -ing"の"in"の省略
	spend 時間or金 (in) -ing
	waste 時間or金 (in) -ing
	be busy (in) -ing
	have trouble/difficulty (in) -ing
	lose no time (in) -ing …スグに-する

	He had no trouble gettin used to operating the computer.

動名詞の意味上の主語は名詞の所有格か目的格で表される。

"Do you mind my/me opening the window?"
 = "Do you mind if I open the window?"
(返答)
 - "Certainly not." / "Ofcourse not." / "Not at all."
 / "I'd rather you didn't."
	// I would rather V(原型). …私はVしたい。
	// I would rather S Ved(カコ). …SにVしてほしい。(仮定法である)

"object to -ing" …「-することに反対する」
	I have no objection to your/you studying in U.S.

"There is A."
"there"は副詞であるが、動名詞、分詞、to不定詞として使われて
意味上の主語はAである。

	No one would have dreamed of there being such a beautiful place.
	There being no bus service, we had to walk.
	For there to be no error, I read it over and over again.

S V O C
「OがCする」という解釈がなされる。

I'd like you to attend the meeting in my place.
これは「S V O to V'」という形であるが、以下の2つは、この形をとれない。
	(×) hope O to V'
	(×) S suggest O to V'
ともに"O to V'"を"that S' V'"と書き換えなければいけない。
但し、"hope (for O) to V"は良い。

	they always expect something unpleasant to happen to them.

次の文では「私たちが片付ける」がOC
This computer enables us to finish in only a few hours
the compilicated calculations which used to take several
days to work out.
//S take 人　時間 to Vt.
//Vtの目的語はS
//The work take (me) 5hours to finish.

	The bad economy has caused many families to give up trying to save money.
	//the bad economy …不景気
	His conscience wouldn't allow him to find me guilty.
	「彼の良心が私を有罪とするのを咎めた。」
	Let me know what made you decide to participate in the project.
	「教えてください、どうしてあなたがその計画に参加することにしたか。」
	I persuaded him not to help his granddaughter to do her homework.
	// help 人 (to) V …人がVするのを手伝う
	// help 人 with 物 …人の物を手伝う
	// help him with his suitcase …文脈から「運ぶ」みたいな動詞を補って読まないといけない

	The construction of a large dam will help avoid a similar crisis.

知覚動詞
see/hear/feel/watch/notice/listen+to O V(原)/Ving/Vpp
「OがVする、してる、されてるのを見る、聞く、感じる(思う)、聞く、見る」

I have never seen him ask us for help.
// ask 人 for A(名詞)

S have O Vpp
OをVされる(被害)、してもらう(自分ではできないので)
	I had my bisycle stolen.
	I had the PC repaired.

No one enjoys having their weaknesses pointed out.
 = No one enjoys having their weaknesses being pointed out.

You need to have him examined immediately in the emergency room.
I was about to leave when I heard my name called from behind.
	// be about to V …今にもVしようとしている
	// haer that SV …SがVする(という情報)を聞く
keeps us informed of what is going on in the world
	// be going on = be happing
	// inform 人 of - …人に-を知らせる
	// → keep 人 informed of - …人に-を知らせておく

He had trouble making himself haerd above the noise.
「騒音の中で自分の声を聞かせるのに彼は苦労した。」

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