日記「芦」

全部、作家は、不幸である。(太宰治著「緒方氏を殺した者」より) 語法文法研究。強調構文とか 2011/5/15(Sun.)

分詞型形容詞(感情とか)
excite …【動詞】興奮させる
　exiciting …興奮させるような
　exicited　…興奮している

They were surprised to see the monkey smoking.
They were astonished that the monkey was smoking.
to V～, that S Vが感情の原因

I found myself excited to see ～.
主語と目的語が同じ時は再帰名詞(-self).

His shyness made him afraid to V～.
「彼の恥ずかしがりの性格故、彼は怖くてVできない。」

I'm sure (that) you will find this book quite helpful.

受動態(?)
It is said that the earth was originally part of the sun.
 = The sun is said to have been ～～.

It appeared that S V. …SVのように思われた。
There appeared to be no one inside.
// to be以下の時制は文の主動詞(appeared)と一致。
// 過去にしないなら "to have Ved" とする。

It seems that he has not eaten anything.
a structure believed to have been built

sureとcertainの用法。
I am sure that S V.
I am certain that S V.
It is certain that S V. 

S happen to V …偶然Vする。
It happens/chances that SV. …偶然SV
It turns+out/proves that SV. …（あとになって）SVと判明する
S turn+out/prove (to be) C. …SがCだと判明する
S is likely to V. …SはVの可能性が高い（Vしやすい）
(×) It is likely that SV.

It was careless/stupid/unwise of me to leave the door unlocked.

His knowledge of several languages made it possible for him
to get a job easily in that country.

= His knowledge of several languages made it easy for him
to get a job in that country.

A heavy fog made it necessary/inevitable for us to close several roads.

It is no use/good advising him to resign.
 = There is no use/opoing in advising ～.
//～してもムダだ

It is/has+been 200 years since Haydon died.
 = Two hundred years have passed since Haydon died.
 = Haydon has been died for 200 years.

It was some time before he realized what happend to him.
/*
	It (時間) before ～～. …～～まで時間がある
	some time …しばらく
	It is long before ～ …長い時間～しない
	It is not long before ～ …まもなく～する
	※ A until B: Bまで(Bしない間)Aが続く (A xor B)
*/
It didn't take me long to see what was wrong with the car.

S take O for granted.
Oをthat節に書き換えると
S take it for granted that S' V'.

He took it for granted that he would pass the examination.

強調構文
It is (強調する語句(名詞の形)) that ～.

It is not what you say but how you say it that counts/matters/is important.
「重要なのは～では無くて～だ。」
// you sayの目的語(what, it)を忘れないこと。

強調される語句は新情報であり、that節内容は既知情報である。

強調語句を疑問詞に直して
(疑問詞) is it that ～? …～なのは一体なぜですか？
Why was it that he decided to return to Japan?

文の主語が後ろの動詞句(to不定詞、動名詞)の目的語になる構文(tough構文)
S is easy/hard/difficult/tough/dangerous/possible/pleasure to V原.

	This book is easy to read.
	She is easy to get along with.

	前置詞を伴う動詞は前置詞を忘れないこと
	This river is dangerous to swim in.
	「この川は泳ぐには危険だ。」
	These chopsticks are difficult to hold foods with.
	「この箸では食べ物をつかみにくい」

S is worth Ving.
Vの目的語がSである。Vは能動態で書かれ、動作の主体は直接かかれない。

	What he says is worth paying attention to.
	some one who needed taking care of
	(×)some one who needed being taken care of

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